Part 2 – Panel on Accountability
The first panel, titled “From Awareness to Accountability: Ending Gender Apartheid,” examined how the international community can move from awareness of human rights violations toward concrete legal and political action.

Speakers included Richard Bennett, United Nations Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Afghanistan; Fereshta Abbasi, Afghanistan researcher at Human Rights Watch; Dr. Malek Setiz, international law scholar; and Dr. Mohib Modaser, international law researcher.

Panelists discussed the growing international debate around recognizing gender apartheid as a category of international crime and explored potential mechanisms to hold perpetrators accountable.

The discussion highlighted the urgent need for stronger international legal frameworks and coordinated global action to address systematic discrimination against women in Afghanistan.